What Does a Car Brake Look Like?

Reviewed by

Richard McCuistian, ASE Certified Master Automobile Technician

Technical Reviewer at CarParts.com

Written by CarParts.com Research Team - Updated on December 2nd, 2025

Reading Time: 3 minutes

Summary

  • A typical car brake is a circular assembly mounted directly to the wheel. It is usually either a disc brake with a rotor and caliper or a drum brake with a brake drum and internal shoes.

  • A disc brake system uses a flat circular rotor behind the wheel. A clamp-like caliper with brake pads pinches the rotor to stop the vehicle, and a square cut seal retracts the piston when the brakes are released.

  • A drum brake system uses a drum-shaped housing behind the wheel. Two curved shoes lined with friction material press against the inside of the drum to slow or stop the vehicle.

There are two common types of car brakes: disc brakes and drum brakes, which can both look different. However, they do have similar characteristics, such as having a circular assembly that’s directly mounted to the wheel.

Front disc brake assembly with the rotor, caliper, and suspension components exposed during a wheel removal. | Image Source: Richard McCuistian

Disc brakes are typically found on the front wheels, while drum brakes can be found on the rear wheels. However, some vehicles have disc brakes on all four wheels, but front drum brakes disappeared in the late 1960s. In both types of systems, the driver controls the brakes by pressing on the brake pedal or activating the emergency hand brake.

Disc Brake System

In a disc brake system, a flat, circular disc called the rotor is mounted behind the wheel. The caliper, which looks like a clamp, has brake pads that pinch the disc to stop the vehicle. This caliper is bolted to the steering knuckle so that when the caliper piston extends to apply “pinch” pressure to the rotor, the caliper’s solid mounting prevents it from following the rotor and forces the rotor and subsequently the wheel and the vehicle to stop.

Exploded view of a disc brake caliper assembly showing the pads, piston, seals, and protective boot. | Image Source: Richard McCuistian
When the brakes are applied, the piston moves outward and distorts the square cut seal. When the brakes are released, the square cut seal returns to its original shape, automatically retracting the piston. | Image Source: Richard McCuistian

Drum Brake System

A drum brake assembly consists of a brake drum behind each wheel. As its name suggests, the brake drum is shaped like a drum mounted behind the rear wheel. | Image Source: Richard McCuistian

It consists of several car brake components inside the housing, such as two curved shoes lined with friction material (see diagram). These brake shoes press against the drum to help stop the vehicle.

There are two basic designs for drum brakes (see diagram). | Image Source: Richard McCuistian

What Are the Other Parts of a Car Brake System?

To give you a better idea of what a car brake looks like, here’s a brief guide on other brake system components:

Brake Pedal

Brake pedals can vary in design, but they’re typically located to the left of the accelerator. Pressing down on this applies the brakes, causing your car to slow down or stop. | Image Source: Richard McCuistian

Master Cylinder

Brake master cylinder and fluid reservoir mounted on the firewall under the hood. | Image Source: Richard McCuistian

When you press on the brake pedal, you create a mechanical force that is then converted by the master cylinder into hydraulic pressure. 

This hydraulic pressure then travels through the brake lines to the calipers or wheel cylinders, where it helps apply enough force to stop the vehicle.

Brake Lines

Brake lines are formed metal tubes bolted to the frame and attached to the master cylinder except where hoses are required for flexibility due to suspension and steering movement at the wheels. The lines and hoses must be capable of holding up to 3000 psi during panic stops.

Brake Fluid

This is a type of automotive fluid that transfers the force from your brake pedal to the rest of the brake system.

Any information provided on this Website is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace consultation with a professional mechanic. The accuracy and timeliness of the information may change from the time of publication.

View Comments

  • Hello! I am the proud owner of a 1997 Honda Accord LX coupe it isn't the car I wanted but it was the car I could afford. It's got an automatic transmission and the 2.2 L F22 engine. Yeah I do love a stick shift, and Honda makes a nice 5-speed manual. But I'm 68 years old now so maybe it worked out for the best, but I still let off the trodual pedal a lot and my left foot will be searching for the cluch pedal. A manual gives me that extra since of control. Anyways It's a one-owner car with the gray interior, here in old North Carolina that's a plus. Hope I can learn and give advice of that's how this news letter works. Ya'll have a good one wherever home is. Dave the Wounded Bear signing off.

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Published by
CarParts.com Research Team and Richard McCuistian, ASE Certified Master Automobile Technician