With everything that’s going on in the world right now, tires are probably the last thing on your mind. After all, let’s face it—tires are pretty boring. And yet, they are one of the most important parts of your car. That’s why, in honor of National Car Care Month, we want to encourage you to take care of your tires.
Tires affect several different aspects of vehicle operation, including braking ability, handling, and traction characteristics. Even fuel economy can take a dive if your car’s tires aren’t well maintained. As such, most experts recommend inspecting your tires at least once a month.
You probably already know to check the tire pressure and tread depth regularly. But that’s not all. There are a few often overlooked aspects of tire care that you should consider as well.
How to Properly Inspect Your Tires
Finally, you’re able to take a break from your busy schedule to check your car’s tires. Here’s what you need to know to do the job right.
Get to Know Your Car’s Tires
Before you do anything else, take a few moments to get to know your car’s tires. It’s helpful to understand details, such as the tire size, DOT number and recommended inflation pressure.
Tire Size, Load Rating, and Speed Rating
You’ll find the tire size, load rating, and speed rating listed on the sidewall. Let’s take a look at an example to gain a better understanding.
- The letter ‘P’ indicates that this is a passenger tire. Light truck tires, which are more heavy-duty, read ‘LT’ instead.
- Next, the number 205 is the section width of the tire, as measured in millimeters.
- The number 55 denotes the aspect ratio—a percentage that compares the tire’s height to its section width.
- Contrary to what many people believe, the ‘R’ stands for radial, rather than rim. Radial refers to the tire’s construction type.
- Finally, the last number, 16, indicates the rim size.
After the tire size, you’ll see two more numbers and a letter (for example, your tire might read 91H). The numbers are the tire’s load rating, while the letter is the speed rating.
Charts that define both values are available and can be easily found online. You can also check out our article on tire speed rating and tire load index.
Department of Transportation (DOT) Number
Following the load and speed ratings, you’ll find the department of transportation (DOT) code. In a nutshell, the twelve-digit code is used to signify that the tire complies with certain safety standards.
Although the DOT code doesn’t seem like it would be of much interest to car owners, the last four digits are actually quite important. On all vehicles built after the year 2000, the final four numbers in the code indicate the tire’s manufacture date and, therefore, its age.
The first two digits of the code denote the week, while the last two digits signify the year. For instance, if the final four digits of the code are 4517, that means the tire was manufactured during the 45th week of 2017.
Correct Tire Pressure Rating
Determining the correct inflation pressure for your tires is easy. Inside the driver’s side door jamb, you’ll find a placard that lists the pressure specifications. In many cases, the data decal, which is also located in the door jamb, will list the information as well. You can also find the recommended tire pressure in your owner’s manual.
Note: Do NOT inflate a tire to the rating on the sidewall; that is the maximum pressure the tire can withstand.
Perform a Visual Inspection
Now that you’re fully acquainted with your tires, it’s time to move onto a visual inspection. Start by checking each tire for problems, such as separation, cracks, bulges, and missing chunks of rubber.
If you find any of these issues, replace the tire immediately.
It’s also a good idea to check for “cupping” by running your hand across the tire tread. Cupping, which is a series of high and low spots in the tread, is usually the result of worn shocks or struts.
And one more thing: As was mentioned, you can determine a tire’s age by looking at the last four digits of its DOT code. If the code indicates that your tires are more than 10 years old, it’s time to purchase a new set of rubber.
Measure the Tread Depth
Many sources recommend using a penny to check a tire’s tread depth. And while that method works in a pinch, it’s not very thorough or accurate.
That’s why using a dedicated tread depth gauge is a much better idea.
Using a tread depth gauge on each tire is a straightforward affair. Here’s how it’s done:
- Push the blade or pointer portion of the gauge down into the groove of the tread.
- Note the reading on the tool.
- Be sure to take the measurement at three different locations across the tire tread: the outside, the inside, and the middle.
It’s time to consider purchasing new tires if the gauge reads between 3/32” and 4/32”. Tread that measures 2/32” or less means you should replace the tires immediately.
Check the Pressure
Proper tire inflation is of utmost importance. Underinflated tires experience accelerated wear, while also reducing fuel economy and increasing the risk of a blowout. Overinflation can also increase the risk of tire failure.
Both scenarios can reduce your car’s braking, handling, and traction abilities.
Even if your car has a tire pressure monitoring system, it’s a good idea to check the pressures yourself with a tire pressure gauge.
Here’s how it’s done:
- Remove the valve stem cap from the tire.
- Press the gauge down onto the valve stem, then hold it in place.
- Take note of the pressure reading and compare it to the manufacturer’s specification, which you located earlier.
- Adjust the tire pressure as needed.
- Reinstall the valve stem cap.
Tire Maintenance is Key
Like everyone else, you want your car to provide a safe, dependable driving experience. And proper tire maintenance will help make that happen. So, don’t wait for National Car Care Month to roll around again next April. Put a note in your digital calendar, reminding yourself to take a peek at your tires regularly.
Any information provided on this Website is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace consultation with a professional mechanic. The accuracy and timeliness of the information may change from the time of publication.
Being a tow truck driver in Texas & a Master Cerdified Mech in Auto & Heavy Trucks + more.
In Texas we have higher speed limits, longer Hwys & hotter temps.
The vehicle I pick up after a tire blow out & rollover I have noticed the tire are only 4 years & 2or3 months.
If one only drives in town at below 55mph it’s ok to run tires to 6 years old. But Hwy driving @ 70 & up replace before 4 years old.
Thank you for sharing your experience with us, Bubba! It’s certainly smart to replace a set of tires sooner, rather than later.